Franklin County, WA — Solar Development Risk Assessment

No Moratorium

Franklin County code: setback minimums for utility-scale solar; specific requirements from property lines and residences.

Franklin County: CUP in Agricultural and Industrial zones; Franklin County Planning Commission and Board of County Commissioners.

Supportive — Franklin PUD proactive; Tri-Cities economic development alignment; strong BPA interconnection; among highest irradiance in WA

Franklin PUD serves entire county; Pasco is Tri-Cities hub with industrial demand; BPA McNary substation provides strong backbone; county board pro-development; solar complements Columbia Basin agricultural economy; strong irradiance (5.4 kWh/m²/day)

Improving

Large facilities (≥350 MW nameplate): Washington EFSEC (Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council) has exclusive siting jurisdiction — state agency preempts all local permitting. Projects <350 MW: county-level conditional use permit (CUP) or special use permit (SUP) in agricultural or resource-zoned land; no statewide preemption floor for smaller projects. SEPA (State Environmental Policy Act): environmental review required for utility-scale projects; DNS, MDNS, or full EIS depending on county SEPA lead agency threshold. Growth Management Act (GMA): 29 WA counties must incorporate energy siting in comprehensive plans; some have adopted renewable energy elements. Shoreline Management Act (SMA): projects near shorelines require Shoreline Substantial Development Permit. Critical Areas Ordinances (CAO): wetlands, fish/wildlife habitat, flood zones, and geologically hazardous areas require county CAO compliance review. Agricultural land: county-specific farmland protection policies apply; prime farmland conversion may require additional findings under county comprehensive plan.

Washington Clean Energy Transformation Act (CETA/SB 5116, 2019): IOUs must be carbon-neutral by 2030; 100% carbon-free by 2045. Net metering: ≤100 kW for IOU customers (PSE, Avista, Pacific Power) under WUTC; PUDs set individual limits, most allow up to 100% of annual consumption offset. RESIP (Renewable Energy System Incentive Program): production-based incentives for systems ≤100 kW, funded by utilities under WUTC mandate. Sales & use tax exemption: solar PV equipment fully exempt (RCW 82.08.962). Property tax exemption: solar systems excluded from assessed value (RCW 84.36.635). Community solar: available through PSE, SnoPUD, Tacoma Power, Clark Public Utilities, and most WA PUDs. PACE financing: available in participating WA counties. Federal ITC: 30% investment tax credit (IRA 2022) for commercial and residential. Low-income adder: 10% bonus ITC for projects serving income-qualified communities (IRA §48E).

Multiple large utility-scale solar projects online or in permitting in Franklin County: Clover Island Solar; multiple 20–100 MW projects along WA-395 and US-12 corridors; Franklin PUD interconnection queue robust; Pasco industrial zone has significant commercial rooftop pipeline.

No formal denials on record; some interconnection delays due to BPA queue congestion.