Cascade County, MT — Solar Development Risk Assessment

No Moratorium

No Montana state-mandated solar setback floor for sub-250 MW facilities. Standard agricultural district setbacks apply (typically ≥25–50 ft from property line, ≥50 ft from road ROW) where no county solar ordinance exists. County-specific setbacks may apply if local ordinance adopted.

Conditional Use Permit (CUP) or Special Use Permit (SUP) in Agricultural (A) or Rural zoning district; administered by county planning board or zoning board of adjustment. Process varies by county; most counties lack solar-specific ordinance.

Growing commercial solar pipeline in Great Falls metro; NorthWestern interconnection queue becoming a friction point

NorthWestern territory; Great Falls largest MT city outside Missoula/Billings/Helena; industrial load; some agrivoltaic interest

Improving

Sub-250 MW: county-level CUP or SUP in agricultural/rural zone; county planning board or BZA approval; process and timelines vary by county (typically 60–180 days). Facilities ≥250 MW nameplate: Montana Major Facility Siting Act (MCA 75-20) — requires BER siting certificate; full environmental review. MPSC regulates net metering interconnection for qualifying facilities. No state preemption statute; counties retain full authority for sub-250 MW.

Montana: No binding RPS. Voluntary 15% renewable goal (expired 2015). Net metering: available under MPSC rules (≤50 kW residential, up to 5 MW commercial). Property tax exemption: renewable energy systems exempt from state property tax (MCA 15-6-225). No state solar production tax credit or SREC market. Federal ITC (30% under IRA 2022) and USDA REAP grants apply. NorthWestern Energy community solar program limited in capacity.

Commercial rooftop and small utility projects active; NorthWestern interconnection queue growing in Great Falls area

No confirmed county board rejections or moratorium actions on record.